diff --git a/testing/ExpectedKeyboardReport.cpp b/testing/ExpectedKeyboardReport.cpp
index e962d561..152a5af5 100644
--- a/testing/ExpectedKeyboardReport.cpp
+++ b/testing/ExpectedKeyboardReport.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace testing {
 
 ExpectedKeyboardReport::ExpectedKeyboardReport(uint32_t timestamp,
-    const std::set<uint8_t> &keycodes,
-    std::string message) {
+                                               const std::set<uint8_t> &keycodes,
+                                               std::string message) {
   timestamp_ = timestamp;
   keycodes_ = std::set<uint8_t>(keycodes);
   failure_message_ = message;
diff --git a/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.cpp b/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.cpp
index 1d209faf..4ac89a35 100644
--- a/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.cpp
+++ b/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.cpp
@@ -67,6 +67,21 @@ void VirtualDeviceTest::ReleaseKey(KeyAddr addr) {
   input_timestamps_.push_back(Runtime.millisAtCycleStart());
 }
 
+
+// =============================================================================
+void VirtualDeviceTest::ExpectReport(Keycodes keys,
+                                     std::string description) {
+  Millis report_timestamp{Runtime.millisAtCycleStart()};
+  ClearReport();
+  for (Key key : keys) {
+    AddToReport(key);
+  }
+  ExpectedKeyboardReport new_report(report_timestamp,
+                                    current_keyboard_keycodes_,
+                                    description);
+  expected_reports_.push_back(new_report);
+}
+
 // =============================================================================
 void VirtualDeviceTest::ExpectReport(AddKeycodes added_keys,
                                      RemoveKeycodes removed_keys,
@@ -95,6 +110,9 @@ void VirtualDeviceTest::ExpectReport(RemoveKeycodes removed_keys,
 }
 
 // =============================================================================
+void VirtualDeviceTest::ClearReport() {
+  current_keyboard_keycodes_.clear();
+}
 void VirtualDeviceTest::AddToReport(Key key) {
   current_keyboard_keycodes_.insert(key.getKeyCode());
 }
diff --git a/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.h b/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.h
index b6fc22aa..592df1a9 100644
--- a/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.h
+++ b/testing/VirtualDeviceTest.h
@@ -43,6 +43,12 @@ class RemoveKeycodes : public std::set<Key> {
   RemoveKeycodes(std::initializer_list<Key> list) : std::set<Key>(list) {}
 };
 
+class Keycodes : public std::set<Key> {
+ public:
+  Keycodes(std::initializer_list<Key> list) : std::set<Key>(list) {}
+};
+
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // The base class for testcases
 class VirtualDeviceTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -102,12 +108,14 @@ class VirtualDeviceTest : public ::testing::Test {
                     RemoveKeycodes removed_keys,
                     std::string description);
 
+  void ExpectReport(Keycodes added_keys, std::string description);
   void ExpectReport(AddKeycodes added_keys, std::string description);
   void ExpectReport(RemoveKeycodes removed_keys, std::string description);
 
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   std::set<uint8_t> current_keyboard_keycodes_ = {};
-  // Add to/remove from the set of keycodes expected in the next report
+  // Manage the set of keycodes expected in the next report
+  void ClearReport();
   void AddToReport(Key key);
   void RemoveFromReport(Key key);