diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.cpp
index f627eb28..24278285 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.cpp
@@ -29,25 +29,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-// =============================================================================
-// AutoShift static class variables
-
-// Configuration settings that can be saved to persistent storage.
-AutoShift::Settings AutoShift::settings_ = {
-  .enabled            = true,
-  .timeout            = 175,
-  .enabled_categories = AutoShift::Categories::printableKeys(),
-};
-
-// The event tracker ensures that the `onKeyswitchEvent()` handler will follow
-// the rules in order to avoid interference with other plugins and prevent
-// processing the same event more than once.
-KeyEventTracker AutoShift::event_tracker_;
-
-// If there's a delayed keypress from AutoShift, this stored event will contain
-// a valid `KeyAddr`.  The default constructor produces an event addr of
-// `KeyAddr::none()`, so the plugin will start in an inactive state.
-KeyEvent pending_event_;
 
 // =============================================================================
 // AutoShift functions
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.h
index 76929725..7ea1c7bb 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShift.h
@@ -134,17 +134,17 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   // Configuration functions
 
   /// Returns `true` if AutoShift is active, `false` otherwise
-  static bool enabled() {
+  bool enabled() {
     return settings_.enabled;
   }
   /// Activates the AutoShift plugin (held keys will trigger auto-shift)
-  static void enable() {
+  void enable() {
     settings_.enabled = true;
   }
   /// Deactivates the AutoShift plugin (held keys will not trigger auto-shift)
-  static void disable();
+  void disable();
   /// Turns AutoShift on if it's off, and vice versa
-  static void toggle() {
+  void toggle() {
     if (settings_.enabled) {
       disable();
     } else {
@@ -153,16 +153,16 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   }
 
   /// Returns the hold time required to trigger auto-shift (in ms)
-  static uint16_t timeout() {
+  uint16_t timeout() {
     return settings_.timeout;
   }
   /// Sets the hold time required to trigger auto-shift (in ms)
-  static void setTimeout(uint16_t new_timeout) {
+  void setTimeout(uint16_t new_timeout) {
     settings_.timeout = new_timeout;
   }
 
   /// Returns the set of categories currently eligible for auto-shift
-  static Categories enabledCategories() {
+  Categories enabledCategories() {
     return settings_.enabled_categories;
   }
   /// Adds `category` to the set eligible for auto-shift
@@ -175,19 +175,19 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   ///  - `AutoShift::Categories::functionKeys()`
   ///  - `AutoShift::Categories::printableKeys()`
   ///  - `AutoShift::Categories::allKeys()`
-  static void enable(Categories category) {
+  void enable(Categories category) {
     settings_.enabled_categories.add(category);
   }
   /// Removes a `Key` category from the set eligible for auto-shift
-  static void disable(Categories category) {
+  void disable(Categories category) {
     settings_.enabled_categories.remove(category);
   }
   /// Replaces the list of `Key` categories eligible for auto-shift
-  static void setEnabled(Categories categories) {
+  void setEnabled(Categories categories) {
     settings_.enabled_categories = categories;
   }
   /// Returns `true` if the given category is eligible for auto-shift
-  static bool isEnabled(Categories category) {
+  bool isEnabled(Categories category) {
     return settings_.enabled_categories.contains(category);
   }
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   ///
   /// This function can be overridden by the user sketch to configure which keys
   /// can trigger auto-shift.
-  static bool isAutoShiftable(Key key);
+  bool isAutoShiftable(Key key);
 
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Event handlers
@@ -237,19 +237,19 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   /// A container for AutoShift configuration settings
   struct Settings {
     /// The overall state of the plugin (on/off)
-    bool enabled;
+    bool enabled = true;
     /// The length of time (ms) a key must be held to trigger auto-shift
-    uint16_t timeout;
+    uint16_t timeout = 175;
     /// The set of `Key` categories eligible to be auto-shifted
-    Categories enabled_categories;
+    Categories enabled_categories = AutoShift::Categories::printableKeys();
   };
-  static Settings settings_;
+  Settings settings_;
 
   // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // Key event queue state variables
 
   // A device for processing only new events
-  static KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
+  KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
 
   // The maximum number of events in the queue at a time.
   static constexpr uint8_t queue_capacity_{4};
@@ -257,12 +257,17 @@ class AutoShift : public Plugin {
   // The event queue stores a series of press and release events.
   KeyAddrEventQueue<queue_capacity_> queue_;
 
+  // If there's a delayed keypress from AutoShift, this stored event will
+  // contain a valid `KeyAddr`.  The default constructor produces an event addr
+  // of `KeyAddr::none()`, so the plugin will start in an inactive state.
+  KeyEvent pending_event_;
+
   void flushQueue();
   void flushEvent(bool is_long_press = false);
   bool checkForRelease() const;
 
   /// The default function for `isAutoShiftable()`
-  static bool enabledForKey(Key key);
+  bool enabledForKey(Key key);
 };
 
 // =============================================================================
@@ -274,7 +279,7 @@ class AutoShiftConfig : public Plugin {
 
  private:
   // The base address in persistent storage for configuration data
-  static uint16_t settings_base_;
+  uint16_t settings_base_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShiftConfig.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShiftConfig.cpp
index ebf50aad..bf115317 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShiftConfig.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-AutoShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/AutoShiftConfig.cpp
@@ -32,20 +32,18 @@ namespace plugin {
 // =============================================================================
 // AutoShift configurator
 
-uint16_t AutoShiftConfig::settings_base_;
-
 EventHandlerResult AutoShiftConfig::onSetup() {
-  settings_base_ = ::EEPROMSettings.requestSlice(sizeof(AutoShift::settings_));
+  settings_base_ = ::EEPROMSettings.requestSlice(sizeof(AutoShift::Settings));
 
   if (Runtime.storage().isSliceUninitialized(
         settings_base_,
-        sizeof(AutoShift::settings_))) {
+        sizeof(AutoShift::Settings))) {
     // If our slice is uninitialized, set sensible defaults.
-    Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, AutoShift::settings_);
+    Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, ::AutoShift.settings_);
     Runtime.storage().commit();
   }
 
-  Runtime.storage().get(settings_base_, AutoShift::settings_);
+  Runtime.storage().get(settings_base_, ::AutoShift.settings_);
   return EventHandlerResult::OK;
 }
 
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ EventHandlerResult AutoShiftConfig::onFocusEvent(const char *command) {
     break;
   }
 
-  Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, AutoShift::settings_);
+  Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, ::AutoShift.settings_);
   Runtime.storage().commit();
   return EventHandlerResult::EVENT_CONSUMED;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.cpp
index 1a20ce09..78176d46 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.cpp
@@ -35,14 +35,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-// =============================================================================
-// CharShift class variables
-CharShift::KeyPair const *CharShift::progmem_keypairs_{nullptr};
-uint8_t CharShift::num_keypairs_{0};
-
-bool CharShift::reverse_shift_state_{false};
-
-
 // =============================================================================
 // Event handlers
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.h
index 01601d76..d407c2c5 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-CharShift/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/CharShift.h
@@ -77,42 +77,42 @@ class CharShift : public Plugin {
   /// Generally, it will be called via the `KEYPAIRS()` preprocessor macro, not
   /// directly by user code.
   template<uint8_t _num_keypairs>
-  static void setProgmemKeyPairs(KeyPair const (&keypairs)[_num_keypairs]) {
+  void setProgmemKeyPairs(KeyPair const (&keypairs)[_num_keypairs]) {
     progmem_keypairs_ = keypairs;
     num_keypairs_     = _num_keypairs;
   }
 
  private:
   // A pointer to an array of `KeyPair` objects in PROGMEM
-  static KeyPair const *progmem_keypairs_;
+  KeyPair const *progmem_keypairs_ = nullptr;
   // The size of the PROGMEM array of `KeyPair` objects
-  static uint8_t num_keypairs_;
+  uint8_t num_keypairs_ = 0;
 
   // If a `shift` key needs to be suppressed in `beforeReportingState()`
-  static bool reverse_shift_state_;
+  bool reverse_shift_state_ = false;
 
   /// Test for keys that should be handled by CharShift
-  static bool isCharShiftKey(Key key);
+  bool isCharShiftKey(Key key);
 
   /// Look up the `KeyPair` specified by the given keymap entry
-  static KeyPair decodeCharShiftKey(Key key);
+  KeyPair decodeCharShiftKey(Key key);
 
   /// Get the total number of KeyPairs defined
   ///
   /// This function can be overridden in order to store the `KeyPair` array in
   /// EEPROM instead of PROGMEM.
-  static uint8_t numKeyPairs();
+  uint8_t numKeyPairs();
 
   /// Get the `KeyPair` at the specified index from the defined `KeyPair` array
   ///
   /// This function can be overridden in order to store the `KeyPair` array in
   /// EEPROM instead of PROGMEM.
-  static KeyPair readKeyPair(uint8_t n);
+  KeyPair readKeyPair(uint8_t n);
 
   // Default for `keypairsCount()`: size of the PROGMEM array
-  static uint8_t numProgmemKeyPairs();
+  uint8_t numProgmemKeyPairs();
   // Default for `readKeypair(i)`: fetch the value from PROGMEM
-  static KeyPair readKeyPairFromProgmem(uint8_t n);
+  KeyPair readKeyPairFromProgmem(uint8_t n);
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.cpp
index b8a04dc5..0c298f0c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.cpp
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@
 
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
-// --- state ---
-Key Cycle::last_non_cycle_key_;
-KeyAddr Cycle::cycle_key_addr_{KeyAddr::invalid_state};
-uint8_t Cycle::current_modifier_flags_;
-uint8_t Cycle::cycle_count_;
 
 // --- helpers ---
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.h
index 55924a33..f7ba39ab 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Cycle/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Cycle.h
@@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 class Cycle : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
  public:
-  static void replace(Key key);
-  static void replace(uint8_t cycle_size, const Key cycle_steps[]);
+  void replace(Key key);
+  void replace(uint8_t cycle_size, const Key cycle_steps[]);
 
   EventHandlerResult onNameQuery();
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
 
  private:
-  static uint8_t toModFlag(uint8_t keyCode);
-  static Key last_non_cycle_key_;
-  static KeyAddr cycle_key_addr_;
-  static uint8_t cycle_count_;
-  static uint8_t current_modifier_flags_;
+  uint8_t toModFlag(uint8_t keyCode);
+  Key last_non_cycle_key_;
+  KeyAddr cycle_key_addr_{KeyAddr::invalid_state};
+  uint8_t cycle_count_;
+  uint8_t current_modifier_flags_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.cpp
index 52f5b6d9..d06a56fd 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.cpp
@@ -34,12 +34,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-uint16_t DynamicMacros::storage_base_;
-uint16_t DynamicMacros::storage_size_;
-uint16_t DynamicMacros::map_[];
-uint8_t DynamicMacros::macro_count_;
-Key DynamicMacros::active_macro_keys_[];
-
 // =============================================================================
 // It might be possible to use Macros instead of reproducing it
 void DynamicMacros::press(Key key) {
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.h
index 90545294..29e01a9c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicMacros/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicMacros.h
@@ -42,20 +42,20 @@ class DynamicMacros : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult beforeReportingState(const KeyEvent &event);
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
 
-  static void reserve_storage(uint16_t size);
+  void reserve_storage(uint16_t size);
 
   void play(uint8_t seq_id);
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t storage_base_;
-  static uint16_t storage_size_;
-  static uint16_t map_[32];
-  static uint8_t macro_count_;
-  static uint8_t updateDynamicMacroCache();
-  static Key active_macro_keys_[MAX_CONCURRENT_DYNAMIC_MACRO_KEYS];
-  static void press(Key key);
-  static void release(Key key);
-  static void tap(Key key);
+  uint16_t storage_base_;
+  uint16_t storage_size_;
+  uint16_t map_[32];
+  uint8_t macro_count_;
+  uint8_t updateDynamicMacroCache();
+  Key active_macro_keys_[MAX_CONCURRENT_DYNAMIC_MACRO_KEYS];
+  void press(Key key);
+  void release(Key key);
+  void tap(Key key);
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.cpp
index c445aec4..14bd719f 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.cpp
@@ -34,13 +34,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-uint16_t DynamicTapDance::storage_base_;
-uint16_t DynamicTapDance::storage_size_;
-uint16_t DynamicTapDance::map_[];
-uint8_t DynamicTapDance::offset_;
-uint8_t DynamicTapDance::dance_count_;
-constexpr uint8_t DynamicTapDance::reserved_tap_dance_key_count_;
-
 void DynamicTapDance::updateDynamicTapDanceCache() {
   uint16_t pos              = storage_base_;
   uint8_t current_id        = 0;
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.h
index a4de8be3..86cc1f4c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-DynamicTapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/DynamicTapDance.h
@@ -33,18 +33,18 @@ class DynamicTapDance : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult onNameQuery();
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
 
-  static void setup(uint8_t dynamic_offset, uint16_t size);
+  void setup(uint8_t dynamic_offset, uint16_t size);
 
-  static bool dance(uint8_t tap_dance_index, KeyAddr key_addr, uint8_t tap_count, TapDance::ActionType tap_dance_action);
+  bool dance(uint8_t tap_dance_index, KeyAddr key_addr, uint8_t tap_count, TapDance::ActionType tap_dance_action);
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t storage_base_;
-  static uint16_t storage_size_;
+  uint16_t storage_base_;
+  uint16_t storage_size_;
   static constexpr uint8_t reserved_tap_dance_key_count_ = ranges::TD_LAST - ranges::TD_FIRST + 1;
-  static uint16_t map_[reserved_tap_dance_key_count_];
-  static uint8_t dance_count_;
-  static uint8_t offset_;
-  static void updateDynamicTapDanceCache();
+  uint16_t map_[reserved_tap_dance_key_count_];
+  uint8_t dance_count_;
+  uint8_t offset_;
+  void updateDynamicTapDanceCache();
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.cpp
index 4dc7672f..67504976 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.cpp
@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@
 
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
-uint16_t EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::update_position_;
-EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::state_t EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::state_;
-EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::mode_t EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::mode;
-Key EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::new_key_;
 
 void EEPROMKeymapProgrammer::nextState(void) {
   switch (state_) {
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.h
index 377c5d9a..7d7035ef 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap-Programmer.h
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ class EEPROMKeymapProgrammer : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     CODE,
     COPY,
   } mode_t;
-  static mode_t mode;
+  mode_t mode;
 
-  static void activate(void) {
+  void activate(void) {
     nextState();
   }
-  static void nextState(void);
-  static void cancel(void);
+  void nextState(void);
+  void cancel(void);
 
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
@@ -50,10 +50,10 @@ class EEPROMKeymapProgrammer : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     WAIT_FOR_CODE,
     WAIT_FOR_SOURCE_KEY,
   } state_t;
-  static state_t state_;
+  state_t state_;
 
-  static uint16_t update_position_;  // layer, row, col
-  static Key new_key_;
+  uint16_t update_position_;  // layer, row, col
+  Key new_key_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.cpp
index 4aed20ce..88684d96 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.cpp
@@ -30,11 +30,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-struct EEPROMSettings::settings EEPROMSettings::settings_;
-bool EEPROMSettings::is_valid_;
-bool EEPROMSettings::sealed_;
-uint16_t EEPROMSettings::next_start_ = sizeof(EEPROMSettings::settings);
-
 EventHandlerResult EEPROMSettings::onSetup() {
   Runtime.storage().get(0, settings_);
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.h
index 3c258a73..5c83940c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/EEPROM-Settings.h
@@ -44,34 +44,34 @@ class EEPROMSettings : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
    * fall back to not using it. */
   static constexpr uint8_t VERSION_CURRENT = 0x01;
 
-  static void update(void);
-  static bool isValid(void);
-  static void invalidate(void);
-  static uint8_t version(void) {
+  void update(void);
+  bool isValid(void);
+  void invalidate(void);
+  uint8_t version(void) {
     return settings_.version;
   }
 
-  static uint16_t requestSlice(uint16_t size);
-  static void seal(void);
-  static uint16_t crc(void);
-  static uint16_t used(void);
+  uint16_t requestSlice(uint16_t size);
+  void seal(void);
+  uint16_t crc(void);
+  uint16_t used(void);
 
-  static uint8_t default_layer(uint8_t layer);
-  static uint8_t default_layer() {
+  uint8_t default_layer(uint8_t layer);
+  uint8_t default_layer() {
     return settings_.default_layer;
   }
-  static void ignoreHardcodedLayers(bool value);
-  static bool ignoreHardcodedLayers() {
+  void ignoreHardcodedLayers(bool value);
+  bool ignoreHardcodedLayers() {
     return settings_.ignore_hardcoded_layers;
   }
 
  private:
   static constexpr uint8_t IGNORE_HARDCODED_LAYER = 0x7e;
-  static uint16_t next_start_;
-  static bool is_valid_;
-  static bool sealed_;
+  uint16_t next_start_ = sizeof(EEPROMSettings::settings);
+  bool is_valid_;
+  bool sealed_;
 
-  static struct settings {
+  struct settings {
     uint8_t default_layer : 7;
     bool ignore_hardcoded_layers : 1;
     uint8_t version;
@@ -81,15 +81,11 @@ class EEPROMSettings : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
 
 class FocusSettingsCommand : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
  public:
-  FocusSettingsCommand() {}
-
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
 };
 
 class FocusEEPROMCommand : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
  public:
-  FocusEEPROMCommand() {}
-
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
 };
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot-Config.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot-Config.cpp
index 8b6aad0f..405c037a 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot-Config.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot-Config.cpp
@@ -30,20 +30,18 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-uint16_t EscapeOneShotConfig::settings_base_;
-
 EventHandlerResult EscapeOneShotConfig::onSetup() {
   settings_base_ = ::EEPROMSettings.requestSlice(sizeof(EscapeOneShot::settings_));
 
   if (Runtime.storage().isSliceUninitialized(
         settings_base_,
-        sizeof(EscapeOneShot::settings_))) {
+        sizeof(EscapeOneShot::Settings))) {
     // If our slice is uninitialized, set sensible defaults.
-    Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, EscapeOneShot::settings_);
+    Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, ::EscapeOneShot.settings_);
     Runtime.storage().commit();
   }
 
-  Runtime.storage().get(settings_base_, EscapeOneShot::settings_);
+  Runtime.storage().get(settings_base_, ::EscapeOneShot.settings_);
   return EventHandlerResult::OK;
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ EventHandlerResult EscapeOneShotConfig::onFocusEvent(const char *command) {
     ::EscapeOneShot.setCancelKey(k);
   }
 
-  Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, EscapeOneShot::settings_);
+  Runtime.storage().put(settings_base_, ::EscapeOneShot.settings_);
   Runtime.storage().commit();
   return EventHandlerResult::EVENT_CONSUMED;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.cpp
index 1c7b9d96..d5cc1e41 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.cpp
@@ -27,9 +27,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-EscapeOneShot::Settings EscapeOneShot::settings_ = {
-  .cancel_oneshot_key = Key_Escape};
-
 EventHandlerResult EscapeOneShot::onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event) {
   // We only act on an escape key (or `cancel_oneshot_key_`, if that has been
   // set) that has just been pressed, and not generated by some other
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.h
index 0b03b90c..8a2b4b35 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Escape-OneShot/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Escape-OneShot.h
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ class EscapeOneShot : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
  public:
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
 
-  static void setCancelKey(Key cancel_key) {
+  void setCancelKey(Key cancel_key) {
     settings_.cancel_oneshot_key = cancel_key;
   }
-  static Key getCancelKey() {
+  Key getCancelKey() {
     return settings_.cancel_oneshot_key;
   }
 
@@ -50,7 +50,9 @@ class EscapeOneShot : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   struct Settings {
     Key cancel_oneshot_key;
   };
-  static Settings settings_;
+  Settings settings_ = {
+    .cancel_oneshot_key = Key_Escape
+  };
 };
 
 class EscapeOneShotConfig : public Plugin {
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ class EscapeOneShotConfig : public Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult onNameQuery();
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t settings_base_;
+  uint16_t settings_base_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.cpp
index 07511754..b652872c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-uint16_t FingerPainter::color_base_;
-bool FingerPainter::edit_mode_;
-
 EventHandlerResult FingerPainter::onNameQuery() {
   return ::Focus.sendName(F("FingerPainter"));
 }
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.h
index 5ac7d58e..65418544 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FingerPainter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FingerPainter.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace plugin {
 //
 class FingerPainter : public LEDMode {
  public:
-  static void toggle(void);
+  void toggle(void);
 
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@ class FingerPainter : public LEDMode {
   void refreshAt(KeyAddr key_addr) final;
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t color_base_;
-  static bool edit_mode_;
+  uint16_t color_base_;
+  bool edit_mode_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.cpp
index 1c063297..db1ae9cd 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-char FocusSerial::command_[32];
-uint8_t FocusSerial::buf_cursor_ = 0;
-
 EventHandlerResult FocusSerial::afterEachCycle() {
   // GD32 doesn't currently autoflush the very last packet. So manually flush here
   Runtime.serialPort().flush();
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.h
index fdb3dc2a..f9915d52 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-FocusSerial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/FocusSerial.h
@@ -113,15 +113,15 @@ class FocusSerial : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult onFocusEvent(const char *command);
 
  private:
-  static char command_[32];
-  static uint8_t buf_cursor_;
-  static void printBool(bool b);
+  char command_[32];
+  uint8_t buf_cursor_ = 0;
+  void printBool(bool b);
 
   // This is a hacky workaround for the host seemingly dropping characters
   // when a client spams its serial port too quickly
   // Verified on GD32 and macOS 12.3 2022-03-29
   static constexpr uint8_t focus_delay_us_after_character_ = 100;
-  static void delayAfterPrint() { delayMicroseconds(focus_delay_us_after_character_); }
+  void delayAfterPrint() { delayMicroseconds(focus_delay_us_after_character_); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.cpp
index 9d3c0dcd..8b8d1cd8 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.cpp
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@
 
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
-const GhostInTheFirmware::GhostKey *GhostInTheFirmware::ghost_keys;
-bool GhostInTheFirmware::is_active_       = false;
-uint16_t GhostInTheFirmware::current_pos_ = 0;
-uint16_t GhostInTheFirmware::start_time_;
 
 void GhostInTheFirmware::activate(void) {
   is_active_ = true;
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.h
index 6f26d333..f060933c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-GhostInTheFirmware/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.h
@@ -32,16 +32,16 @@ class GhostInTheFirmware : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     uint16_t press_time;
     uint16_t delay;
   };
-  static const GhostKey *ghost_keys;
+  const GhostKey *ghost_keys;
 
-  static void activate(void);
+  void activate(void);
 
   EventHandlerResult afterEachCycle();
 
  private:
-  static bool is_active_;
-  static uint16_t current_pos_;
-  static uint16_t start_time_;
+  bool is_active_       = false;
+  uint16_t current_pos_ = 0;
+  uint16_t start_time_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.cpp
index f2974393..77c49e59 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@ namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace device {
 namespace ez {
 
-ErgoDoxScanner ErgoDox::scanner_;
-uint8_t ErgoDox::previousKeyState_[matrix_rows];
-uint8_t ErgoDox::keyState_[matrix_rows];
-uint8_t ErgoDox::debounce_matrix_[matrix_rows][matrix_columns];
-uint8_t ErgoDox::debounce = 5;
-
 static bool do_scan_ = 1;
 
 void ErgoDox::setup(void) {
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.h
index 3c76c610..6b2a64ae 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Hardware-EZ-ErgoDox/src/kaleidoscope/device/ez/ErgoDox.h
@@ -78,17 +78,17 @@ class ErgoDox : public kaleidoscope::device::ATmega32U4Keyboard<ErgoDoxProps> {
   void setStatusLED(uint8_t led, bool state = true);
   void setStatusLEDBrightness(uint8_t led, uint8_t brightness);
 
-  static uint8_t debounce;
+  uint8_t debounce = 5;
 
  private:
-  static ErgoDoxScanner scanner_;
-  static uint8_t previousKeyState_[matrix_rows];
-  static uint8_t keyState_[matrix_rows];
-  static uint8_t debounce_matrix_[matrix_rows][matrix_columns];
-
-  static uint8_t debounceMaskForRow(uint8_t row);
-  static void debounceRow(uint8_t change, uint8_t row);
-  static void readMatrixRow(uint8_t row);
+  ErgoDoxScanner scanner_;
+  uint8_t previousKeyState_[matrix_rows];
+  uint8_t keyState_[matrix_rows];
+  uint8_t debounce_matrix_[matrix_rows][matrix_columns];
+
+  uint8_t debounceMaskForRow(uint8_t row);
+  void debounceRow(uint8_t change, uint8_t row);
+  void readMatrixRow(uint8_t row);
 };
 #else   // ifndef KALEIDOSCOPE_VIRTUAL_BUILD
 class ErgoDox;
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.cpp
index 1780c44c..7f885f69 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.cpp
@@ -34,15 +34,9 @@ namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
 // --- state ---
-Key Leader::sequence_[LEADER_MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH + 1];
-KeyEventTracker Leader::event_tracker_;
-uint8_t Leader::sequence_pos_;
-uint16_t Leader::start_time_ = 0;
 #ifndef NDEPRECATED
 uint16_t Leader::time_out = 1000;
 #endif
-uint16_t Leader::timeout_ = 1000;
-const Leader::dictionary_t *Leader::dictionary;
 
 // --- helpers ---
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.h
index 60cec12b..aad67353 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Leader/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Leader.h
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ class Leader : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     action_t action;
   } dictionary_t;
 
-  static const dictionary_t *dictionary;
+  const dictionary_t *dictionary;
 
-  static void reset(void);
+  void reset(void);
 
 #ifndef NDEPRECATED
   DEPRECATED(LEADER_TIME_OUT)
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class Leader : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   void inject(Key key, uint8_t key_state);
 #endif
 
-  static void setTimeout(uint16_t timeout) {
+  void setTimeout(uint16_t timeout) {
 #ifndef NDEPRECATED
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ class Leader : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult afterEachCycle();
 
  private:
-  static Key sequence_[LEADER_MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH + 1];
-  static KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
-  static uint8_t sequence_pos_;
-  static uint16_t start_time_;
-  static uint16_t timeout_;
+  Key sequence_[LEADER_MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH + 1];
+  KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
+  uint8_t sequence_pos_;
+  uint16_t start_time_ = 0;
+  uint16_t timeout_    = 1000;
 
-  static int8_t lookup(void);
+  int8_t lookup(void);
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.cpp
index 463fdeae..a54fea28 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
 uint16_t MagicCombo::min_interval = 500;
-uint16_t MagicCombo::start_time_  = 0;
 
 EventHandlerResult MagicCombo::onNameQuery() {
   return ::Focus.sendName(F("MagicCombo"));
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.h
index 928a8dd2..5fb5463a 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-MagicCombo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/MagicCombo.h
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class MagicCombo : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult afterEachCycle();
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t start_time_;
+  uint16_t start_time_ = 0;
 };
 
 namespace magiccombo {
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.cpp
index 62430969..e0377a4f 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-Key Redial::last_key_;
-
 EventHandlerResult Redial::onNameQuery() {
   return ::Focus.sendName(F("Redial"));
 }
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.h
index 98508ce7..476620d5 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Redial/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Redial.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Redial : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
 
  private:
-  static Key last_key_;
+  Key last_key_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.cpp
index 9e7d68dc..526ce71b 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-const ShapeShifter::dictionary_t *ShapeShifter::dictionary = nullptr;
-
 EventHandlerResult ShapeShifter::onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event) {
   if (dictionary == nullptr)
     return EventHandlerResult::OK;
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.h
index 7ee3df15..312f1b20 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-ShapeShifter/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/ShapeShifter.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class ShapeShifter : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     Key original, replacement;
   } dictionary_t;
 
-  static const dictionary_t *dictionary;
+  const dictionary_t *dictionary = nullptr;
 
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
 };
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.cpp
index e01f3312..0608b6b5 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.cpp
@@ -51,19 +51,6 @@ SpaceCadet::KeyBinding::KeyBinding(Key input, Key output, uint16_t timeout)
 SpaceCadet::KeyBinding *SpaceCadet::map;
 uint16_t SpaceCadet::time_out = 200;
 
-// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// State variables
-
-uint8_t SpaceCadet::mode_ = SpaceCadet::Mode::ON;
-
-// These variables are used to keep track of any pending unresolved SpaceCadet
-// key that has been pressed. If `pending_map_index_` is negative, it means
-// there is no such pending keypress. Otherwise, it holds the value of the index
-// of that key in the array.
-int8_t SpaceCadet::pending_map_index_ = -1;
-
-KeyEventTracker SpaceCadet::event_tracker_;
-
 // =============================================================================
 // SpaceCadet functions
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.h
index 2f521419..3e98366c 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-SpaceCadet/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/SpaceCadet.h
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ class SpaceCadet : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   SpaceCadet(void);
 
   // Methods
-  static void enable() {
+  void enable() {
     mode_ = Mode::ON;
   }
-  static void disable() {
+  void disable() {
     mode_ = Mode::OFF;
   }
-  static void enableWithoutDelay() {
+  void enableWithoutDelay() {
     mode_ = Mode::NO_DELAY;
   }
-  static bool active() {
+  bool active() {
     return (mode_ == Mode::ON || mode_ == Mode::NO_DELAY);
   }
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ class SpaceCadet : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     OFF,
     NO_DELAY,
   };
-  static uint8_t mode_;
+  uint8_t mode_;
 
   static KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
 
@@ -103,7 +103,11 @@ class SpaceCadet : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   // The event queue stores a series of press and release events.
   KeyAddrEventQueue<queue_capacity_> event_queue_;
 
-  static int8_t pending_map_index_;
+  // This variable is used to keep track of any pending unresolved SpaceCadet
+  // key that has been pressed. If `pending_map_index_` is negative, it means
+  // there is no such pending keypress. Otherwise, it holds the value of the
+  // index of that key in the array.
+  int8_t pending_map_index_ = -1;
 
   int8_t getSpaceCadetKeyIndex(Key key) const;
 
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.cpp
index 6fd52603..8b0bcdec 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.cpp
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-// --- state ---
-char Syster::symbol_[SYSTER_MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH + 1];
-uint8_t Syster::symbol_pos_;
-bool Syster::is_active_;
-
 // --- api ---
 void Syster::reset(void) {
   symbol_pos_ = 0;
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.h
index bdf9aaa2..c3b6487b 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Syster/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Syster.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class Syster : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
     SymbolAction
   } action_t;
 
-  static void reset();
+  void reset();
 
   bool is_active();
 
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ class Syster : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event);
 
  private:
-  static char symbol_[SYSTER_MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH + 1];
-  static uint8_t symbol_pos_;
-  static bool is_active_;
+  char symbol_[SYSTER_MAX_SYMBOL_LENGTH + 1];
+  uint8_t symbol_pos_;
+  bool is_active_ = false;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.cpp
index c55b5b1b..cd787c20 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.cpp
@@ -38,9 +38,6 @@ namespace plugin {
 // --- config ---
 
 uint16_t TapDance::time_out  = 200;
-uint8_t TapDance::tap_count_ = 0;
-
-KeyEventTracker TapDance::event_tracker_;
 
 // --- api ---
 void TapDance::actionKeys(uint8_t tap_count,
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.h
index 76a4f171..4b2c6153 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TapDance/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TapDance.h
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ class TapDance : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   // The event queue stores a series of press and release events.
   KeyAddrEventQueue<queue_capacity_> event_queue_;
 
-  static KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
+  KeyEventTracker event_tracker_;
 
   // The number of taps in the current TapDance sequence.
-  static uint8_t tap_count_;
+  uint8_t tap_count_ = 0;
 
   void flushQueue(KeyAddr ignored_addr = KeyAddr::none());
 };
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.cpp
index 6e4244fe..3b79f878 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-KeyAddr TopsyTurvy::tt_addr_ = KeyAddr::none();
-
 EventHandlerResult TopsyTurvy::onKeyEvent(KeyEvent &event) {
   if (keyToggledOff(event.state)) {
     if (event.addr == tt_addr_)
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.h
index f5952d9a..ae6dcfd7 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-TopsyTurvy/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/TopsyTurvy.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class TopsyTurvy : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   }
 
  private:
-  static KeyAddr tt_addr_;
+  KeyAddr tt_addr_ = KeyAddr::none();
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.cpp b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.cpp
index 96cc9970..cbf04105 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.cpp
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.cpp
@@ -37,16 +37,6 @@
 namespace kaleidoscope {
 namespace plugin {
 
-uint16_t Turbo::interval_       = 10;
-uint16_t Turbo::flash_interval_ = 69;
-bool Turbo::sticky_             = false;
-bool Turbo::flash_              = true;
-cRGB Turbo::active_color_       = CRGB(160, 0, 0);
-
-bool Turbo::active_               = false;
-uint32_t Turbo::start_time_       = 0;
-uint32_t Turbo::flash_start_time_ = 0;
-
 uint16_t Turbo::interval() {
   return interval_;
 }
diff --git a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.h b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.h
index b78bc06e..918d7779 100644
--- a/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.h
+++ b/plugins/Kaleidoscope-Turbo/src/kaleidoscope/plugin/Turbo.h
@@ -53,15 +53,15 @@ class Turbo : public kaleidoscope::Plugin {
   EventHandlerResult beforeSyncingLeds();
 
  private:
-  static uint16_t interval_;
-  static uint16_t flash_interval_;
-  static bool sticky_;
-  static bool flash_;
-  static cRGB active_color_;
+  uint16_t interval_       = 10;
+  uint16_t flash_interval_ = 69;
+  bool sticky_             = false;
+  bool flash_              = true;
+  cRGB active_color_       = CRGB(160, 0, 0);
 
-  static bool active_;
-  static uint32_t start_time_;
-  static uint32_t flash_start_time_;
+  bool active_               = false;
+  uint32_t start_time_       = 0;
+  uint32_t flash_start_time_ = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace plugin