As the firmware evolves, there are - and will be - APIs that we deprecate, and
eventually remove. We are constantly adding new features and plugins too.
This document lists noteworthy new features for the *current* release, with examples of use. Another section provides a short guide for upgrading from deprecated APIs. For deprecations, their planned removal date is also listed.
If any of this does not make sense to you, or you have trouble updating your .ino sketch or custom plugins, do not hesitate to write us at help@keyboard.io, we can help you fix it.
We are introducing - or rather, replacing - the older hardware plugins, with a system that's much more composable, more extensible, and will allow us to better support new devices, different MCUs, and so on.
For end users, this doesn't come with any breaking changes. A few things have been deprecated (`ROWS`, `COLS`, `LED_COUNT`, `KeyboardHardware`), but they still function for the time being.
For those wishing to port Kaleidoscope to devices it doesn't support yet, the new API should make most things considerably easier. Please see the (work in progress) documentation in [doc/device-apis.md](doc/device-apis.md).
With the next version of `Kaleidoscope`, we are introducing a new plugin API. It's more efficient, smaller, and uses less resources than the previous one, while being more extensible, and a lot easier to use as well. But all of this matters little when one's not all that interested in writing plugins. However, the new plugin API comes with breaking changes, and one will need to update their own sketch too.
To achieve all of the above, we had to change how plugins are initialized. Instead of using `Kaleidoscope.use()` in the `setup()` method of one's sketch, the plugins must now be initialized with `KALEIDOSCOPE_INIT_PLUGINS()`, outside of the `setup()` method. While `use()` was expecting pointers (`&Plugin`), `_INIT_PLUGINS()` expects references (`Plugin`).
The conversion should be simple, and all of the official plugins have been updated already to use the new API, so they're safe to use this way. Some third-party plugins may still use the older API, they will need to be updated.
To make things clear, here's an example of how to migrate from the old way to the new:
```c++
// Old way
void setup() {
Kaleidoscope.use(&LEDControl,
&Macros,
&OneShot,
&MouseKeys,
&LEDOff,
&LEDRainbowEffect);
Kaleidoscope.setup();
```
```c++
// New way
KALEIDOSCOPE_INIT_PLUGINS(LEDControl,
Macros,
OneShot,
MouseKeys,
LEDOff,
LEDRainbowEffect);
void setup() {
Kaleidoscope.setup();
}
```
One thing to keep in mind is that with the old interface, plugins were able to automatically pull in their dependencies. This is not possible with the new interface, and one is required to initialize dependencies manually. Please consult the documentation of the plugins you use, to discover their dependencies - if any - and add them to the list if need be. You only need to add each dependency once.
Developing plugins should be considerably simpler now, there is no need to register hooks, just implement the parts of the `kaleidoscope::Plugin` interface that make sense for a particular plugin.
In practice, this boils down to implementing one or more of the following hook points:
-`onSetup()`: Called once during device bootup, at the end of the `setup()` method. It takes no arguments, and must return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::OK`.
-`beforeEachCycle()`: Called once, at the beginning of each cycle of the main loop. This is similar to the old "loop hook" with its `post_clear` argument set to false. Takes no arguments, must return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::OK`.
-`onKeyswitchEvent`: Called for every non-idle key event. This replaces the old "event handler hook". It takes a key reference, a key address, and a key state. The key reference can be updated to change the key being processed, so that any plugin that processes it further, will see the updated key. Can return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::OK` to let other plugins process the event further, or `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::EVENT_CONSUMED` to stop processing.
-`onFocusEvent`: Used to implement [bi-directional communication](#bidirectional-communication-for-plugins). This is called whenever the firmware receives a command from the host. The only argument is the command name. Can return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::OK` to let other plugins process the event further, or `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::EVENT_CONSUMED` to stop processing.
-`beforeReportingState`: Called without arguments, just before sending the keyboard and mouse reports to the host. Must return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult::OK`.
-`afterEachCycle`: Called without arguments at the very end of each cycle. This is the replacement for the "loop hook" with its `post_clear` argument set.
Whereas one would have used `Focus.addHook()` to register a new focus command, with the new architecture, one needs to add the object implementing the command to their list of plugins in `KALEIDOSCOPE_INIT_PLUGINS()`. A number of plugins that used to provide optional Focus commands now provide them by default. Some still provide optional ones, and we must transition to the new way.
For example, where one would have written the following before:
```c++
Focus.addHook(FOCUS_HOOK_LEDCONTROL);
```
...we need to add the appropriate object to the plugin list:
```c++
KALEIDOSCOPE_INIT_PLUGINS(LEDControl,
FocusLEDCommand)
```
#### For developers
Upgrading from `Focus` to `onFocusEvent` and `FocusSerial` is a reasonably simple process, the interface is quite similar. Nevertheless, we present a step-by-step guide here, covering two use cases: one where we wish to always provide a Focus command when both our plugin and `FocusSerial` are enabled; and another where we only wish to provide the command when explicitly asked to do so.
The biggest difference between `Focus` and `onFocusEvent` is that the former required explicit registering of hooks, while the latter does it automatically: every plugin that implements the `onFocusEvent` method will be part of the system. As a consequence, only plugins are able to supply new commands: there is no explicit registration, thus, no way to inject a command that isn't part of a plugin. This also means that these functions now return `kaleidoscope::EventHandlerResult` instead of `bool`. Furthermore, with `FocusSerial`, all communication is expected to go through it, instead of using `Serial` directly. Lets see a trivial example!
The new version is slightly more verbose for the trivial use case, because we have to wrap it up in an object. But other than that, the changes are minimal, and we don't need to explicitly register it!
Observe that the return values changed: with `Focus`, if we wanted other hooks to have a chance at processing the same command, the hook returned `false`; if we wanted to stop processing, and consider it consumed, it returned `true`. With the new system, this is more descriptive with the `EventHandlerResult::OK` and `EventHandlerResult::EVENT_CONSUMED` return values.
##### A stateful example
Perhaps a better example that shows the quality of life improvements the new system brings is the case where the command needs access to either plugin state, or plugin methods. With the former system, the focus hooks needed to be static methods, and needed to be public. This is not necessarily the case now, because `onFocusEvent` is a non-static object method. It has full access to plugin internals!
###### Focus
```c++
namespace kaleidoscope {
class ExamplePlugin : public Plugin {
public:
ExamplePlugin();
static bool exampleToggle() {
example_toggle_ = !example_toggle_;
return example_toggle_;
}
static bool focusHook(const char *command) {
if (strcmp_P(command, PSTR("example.toggle")) != 0)
It's just another plugin, with just another event handler method implemented, nothing more. No need to explicitly register the focus hook, no need to provide access to private variables - we can just keep them private.
##### Optional commands
Optional commands are something that were perhaps easier with the `Focus` method: one just didn't register them. With `onFocusEvent`, we need to do a bit more than that, and move the command to a separate plugin, if we do not wish to enable it in every case. This adds a bit of overhead, but still less than `Focus` did.
###### Focus
```c++
bool exampleOptionalHook(const char *command) {
if (strcmp_P(command, PSTR("optional")) != 0)
return false;
Serial.println(Layer.getLayerState(), BIN);
return true;
}
KALEIDOSCOPE_INIT_PLUGINS(Focus)
void setup() {
Kaleidoscope.setup();
}
```
Do note that we do not register the `exampleOptionalHook` here! As such, because it is unused code, it will get optimized out during compilation. While this is a simplistic example, the optional hook might have been part of a class, that provides other hooks.
The trick here is to move optional commands out into a separate plugin. It's a bit more boilerplate, but not by much.
### Consistent timing
As an end-user, there's nothing one needs to do. Consistent timing helpers are primarily for plugin use.
As a developer, one can continue using `millis()`, but migrating to `Kaleidoscope.millisAtCycleStart()` is recommended. The new method will return the same value for the duration of the main loop cycle, making time-based synchronization between plugins a lot easier.
To make `MagicCombo` more portable, and easier to use, we had to break the API previously provided, there was no way to maintain backwards compatibility. This document is an attempt at guiding you through the process of migrating from the earlier API to the current one.
Migration should be a straightforward process, but if you get stuck, please feel free to [open an issue][gh:issues], or start a thread on the [forums][forums], and we'll help you with it.
Previously, we used a global, overrideable function (`magicComboActions`) to run
the actions of all magic combos, similar to how macros are set up to work.
Unlike macros, magic combos can't be defined in the keymap, due to technical
reasons, so we had to use a separate list - `magic_combos` in our example. We
also needed to tell `MagicCombo` to use this list, which is what we've done in
`setup()`.
#### The new API
```c++
void kindOfMagic(uint8_t combo_index) {
Macros.type(PSTR("It's a kind of magic!"));
}
USE_MAGIC_COMBOS({
.action = kindOfMagic,
.keys = {R3C6, R3C9} // Left Fn + Right Fn
});
```
The new API is much shorter, and is inspired by the way the [Leader][leader]
plugin works: instead of having a list, and a dispatching function like
`magicComboActions`, we include the action method in the list too!
[leader]: doc/plugin/Leader.md
We also don't make a difference between left- and right-hand anymore, you can
just list keys for either in the same list. This will be very handy for
non-split keyboards.
#### Migration
First of all, we'll need to split up `magicComboActions` into separate
functions. Each function should have a unique name, but their shape is always
the same:
```c++
void someFunction(uint8_t combo_index) {
// Do some action here
}
```
Copy the body of each `case` statement of `magicComboActions`, and copy them one
by one into appropriately named functions of the above shape. You can name your
functions anything you want, the only constraint is that they need to be valid
C++ function names. The plugin itself does nothing with the name, we'll
reference them later in the `USE_MAGIC_COMBOS` helper macro.
Once `magicComboActions` is split up, we need to migrate the `magic_combos` list
to the new format. That list had to be terminated by a `{0, 0}` entry, the new
method does not require such a sentinel at the end.
For each entry in `magic_combos`, add an entry to `USE_MAGIC_COMBOS`, with the
following structure:
```c++
{.action = theActionFunction,
.keys = { /* list of keys */ }}
```
The list of keys are the same `RxCy` constants you used for `magic_combos`, with
the left- and right hands combined. The action, `theActionFunction`, is the
function you extracted the magic combo action to. It's the function that has the
same body as the `case` statement in `magicComboActions` had.
And this is all there is to it.
If your actions made use of the `left_hand` or `right_hand` arguments of
`magicComboActions`, the same information is still available. But that's a bit
more involved to get to, out of scope for this simple migration guide. Please
open an issue, or ask for help on the forums, and we'll help you.
### TypingBreaks
Older versions of the plugin used to provide EEPROM storage for the settings only optionally, when it was explicitly enabled via the `TypingBreaks.enableEEPROM()` method. Similarly, the Focus hooks were optional too.
Storing the settable settings in EEPROM makes it depend on `Kaleidoscope-EEPROM-Settings`, which should be initialized before this plugin is.
Older versions of the plugin required one to set up `Key_Redial` manually, and let the plugin know about it via `Redial.key`. This is no longer required, as the plugin sets up the redial key itself. As such, `Redial.key` was removed, and `Key_Redial` is defined by the plugin itself. To upgrade, simply remove your definition of `Key_Redial` and the `Redial.key` assignment from your sketch.
The [OneShot plugin](doc/plugin/OneShot.md) has much improved stickability control. Instead of only being able to control if one-shot layers should be stickable too, or disabling the sticky feature in general, it is now possible to control stickiness on a per-key basis with the new `OneShot.enableStickability()` and `OneShot.disableStickablity()` methods. The old properties are still available, but will be removed by **2019-04-30**.
The [EEPROM-Keymap](doc/plugin/EEPROM-Keymap.md) plugin had its `setup()` method changed, the formerly optional `method` argument is now obsolete and unused. It can be safely removed. Supplying a second argument will continue to work until its scheduled removal by **2019-04-30**.
## keymaps array and KEYMAPS and KEYMAPS_STACKED macros
The `keymaps` array has been replaced with a `keymaps_linear` array. This new array treats each layer as a simple one dimensional array of keys, rather than a two dimensional array of arrays of rows. At the same time, the `KEYMAPS` and `KEYMAPS_STACKED` macros that were previously defined in each hardware implmentation class have been replaced with `PER_KEY_DATA` and `PER_KEY_DATA_STACKED` macros in each hardware class. This change should be invisible to users, but will require changes by any plugin that accessed the 'keymaps' variable directly.
Code like `key.raw = pgm_read_word(&(keymaps[layer][row][col])); return key;` should be changed to look like this: `return keyFromKeymap(layer, row, col);`
The old, deprecated, API will be removed on **2019-08-13**.
With the move towards a monorepo-based source, some headers have moved to a new location, and plenty of plugins moved to a new namespace (`kaleidoscope::plugin`). This means that the old headers, and some old names are deprecated. The old names no longer work.
-`layers.h`, `key_defs_keymaps.h` and `macro_helpers.h` are obsolete, and should not be included in the first place, as `Kaleidoscope.h` will pull them in. In the rare case that one needs them, prefixing them with `kaleidoscope/` is the way to go. Of the various headers provided under the `kaleidoscope/` space, only `kaleidoscope/macro_helpers.h` should be included directly, and only by hardware plugins that can't pull `Kaleidoscope.h` in due to circular dependencies.
-`LED-Off.h`, provided by [LEDControl](doc/plugin/LEDControl.md) is obsolete, the `LEDOff` LED mode is automatically provided by `Kaleidoscope-LEDControl.h`. The `LED-Off.h` includes can be safely removed.
-`LEDUtils.h` is automatically pulled in by `Kaleiodscope-LEDControl.h`, too, and there's no need to directly include it anymore.
- Plugins that implement LED modes should subclass `kaleidoscope::plugin::LEDMode` instead of `kaleidoscope::LEDMode`.
- [GhostInTheFirmware](doc/plugin/GhostInTheFirmware.md) had the `kaleidoscope::GhostInTheFirmware::GhostKey` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::GhostInTheFirmware::GhostKey`.
- [HostOS](doc/plugin/HostOS.md) no longer provides the `Kaleidoscope/HostOS-select.h` header, and there is no backwards compatibility header either.
- [Leader](doc/plugin/Leader.md) had the `kaleidoscope::Leader::dictionary_t` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::Leader::dictionary_t`.
- [LED-AlphaSquare](doc/plugin/LED-AlphaSquare.md) used to provide extra symbol graphics in the `kaleidoscope::alpha_square::symbols` namespace. This is now replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::alpha_square::symbols`.
- [LEDEffect-SolidColor](doc/plugin/LEDEffect-SolidColor.md) replaced the base class - `kaleidoscope::LEDSolidColor` - with `kaleidoscope::plugin::LEDSolidColor`.
- [Qukeys](doc/plugin/Qukeys.md) had the `kaleidoscope::Qukey` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::Qukey`.
- [ShapeShifter](doc/plugin/ShateShifter.md) had the `kaleidoscope::ShapeShifter::dictionary_t` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::ShapeShifter::dictionary_t`.
- [SpaceCadet](doc/plugin/SpaceCadet.md) had the `kaleidoscope::SpaceCadet::KeyBinding` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::SpaceCadet::KeyBinding`.
- [Syster](doc/plugin/Syster.md) had the `kaleidoscope::Syster::action_t` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::Syster::action_t`.
- [TapDance](doc/plugin/TapDance.md) had the `kaleidoscope::TapDance::ActionType` type replaced by `kaleidoscope::plugin::TapDance::ActionType`.
The `Layer.defaultLayer()` method has been deprecated, because it wasn't widely used, nor tested well, and needlessly complicated the layering logic. If one wants to set a default layer, which the keyboard switches to when booting up, `EEPROMSettings.default_layer()` may be of use.
`Layer.defaultLayer` has since been removed.
### More clarity in Layer method names
A number of methods on the `Layer` object have been renamed, to make their intent clearer:
-`Layer.on()` and `Layer.off()` became `Layer.activate()` and `Layer.decativate()`, repsectively.
-`Layer.next()` and `Layer.previous()` became `Layer.activateNext()` and `Layer.deactivateTop()`.
-`Layer.isOn` became `Layer.isActive()`.
The goal was to have a method name that is a verb, because these are actions we do. The old names have since been removed.
#### Compat headers following the source code and namespace rearrangement
With the move towards a monorepo-based source, some headers have moved to a new location, and plenty of plugins moved to a new namespace (`kaleidoscope::plugin`). This means that the old headers, and some old names are deprecated. The old names no longer work.
#### HostOS.autoDetect()
The `autoDetect()` method has been formerly deprecated, and is now removed.
#### The old MagicCombo API
We've changed the API of the MagicCombo plugin, and while it provided a helpful error message for a while when trying to use the old API, it no longer does so, the error message has been removed.
#### TypingBreaks.enableEEPROM()
`TypingBreaks.enableEEPROM()` has been previously deprecated, and turned into a no-op, and is now removed.
#### `OneShot.double_tap_sticky` and `OneShot.double_tap_layer_sticky`
These were deprecated in favour of a better, finer grained API, and are now removed.